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Both the novel and its predecessor, along with Rizal's last poem, are now considered Rizal's literary masterpieces. These novels along with Rizal's involvement in organizations that aim to address and reform the Spanish system and its issues led to Rizal's exile to Dapitan and eventual execution. The novel, along with its predecessor, was banned in some parts of the Philippines as a result of their portrayals of the Spanish government's abuse and corruption. The novel's dark theme departs dramatically from the previous novel's hopeful and romantic atmosphere, signifying the character Ibarra's resort to solving his country's issues through violent means, after his previous attempt at reforming the country's system have made no effect and seemed impossible with the attitudes of the Spaniards towards the Filipinos. It was first published in 1891 in Ghent, Belgium.
It is the sequel to Noli me tangere and, like the first book, was written in Spanish. El Filibusterismo, also known by its English alternate title The Reign of Greed, is the second book written by Philippine national hero Jose Rizal.
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